K-1

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K-1 logo
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K-1 Qualification System until 2005

K-1 is a kickboxing combat sport that combines standup techniques from karate, taekwondo, kickboxing and traditional boxing, among others. The name is a play off the abbreviation of Formula 1, which is F-1. The sport was first formed by Kazuyoshi Ishii, a former Kyokushin karate competition fighter who had formed his own organisation, Seido-kaikan karate, in 1980. Seido-kaikan arranged several successful organization challenge events against other martial sport organizations, originally using rules based on the Kyokushin Knockdown karate rules, but gradualy adapting and changing closer to kickboxing rules. In 1993 Mr. Ichii founded the K-1 organization exclusively as a kickboxing sport organisations, closely cooperating with, but independent from, Seido-kaikan.

There is currently a 70.5kg (155lb) weight division in K-1 called K-1 MAX ("Middleweight Artistic Xtreme").

The K-1 organization has recently branched out into mixed martial arts (MMA) in a series of events known as Hero's, with headliners such as Genki Sudo, Joachim Hansen, Bob Sapp and more recently MMA PRIDE legend Kazushi Sakuraba.

Contents

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Rules, Match-Ups and Qualification

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Rules

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Regular K-1 matches are contested under the following rules:

  • Each match is three or five rounds in duration, with each round lasting three minutes.
  • The match can end by Knockout, Technical Knockout, Decision, Disqualification or No Contest.
  • The referee or the doctor can stop the fight.
  • The fight is scored by three judges on a ten-point must system (The winner of each round receives ten points, and the loser receives nine or less. If the round is even, both competitors receive ten points).
  • If there is a draw after three rounds, the judges' scores are thrown out and one or two extra three-minute rounds are contested. The judges' decision will then come from the scoring of each extra round only. If, after the extra round(s), there is still a draw, the judges will decide a winner based on the flow of the entire match, considering even the slightest difference.
  • The three-knockdown rule is in effect (three knockdowns in a round results in a technical knockout).
  • The mandatory eight count is in effect (the referee must count to at least "eight" on all knockdowns).
  • The standing eight count is in effect (the referee has the right to declare a knockdown on a fighter who appears to be in a dangerous condition to continue in the match).
  • A fighter can be saved by the bell only in the last round.

In K-1 single elimination tournament matches:

  • Each match is three rounds in duration.
  • The three-knockdown rule becomes a two-knockdown rule for all matches except the final.
  • One or two reserve fights are held prior to the single elimination matches. If for any reason a fighter who wins and advances through the brackets is unable to continue, a reserve match competitor, or the fighter's opponent from the most recent match, takes his place. There are certain exceptions to this rule (i.e. a fighter who lost a match by knockout might not be eligible to replace another fighter).

Source: Based on information from K-1 Website

Forbidden moves

  1. use of elbow and head strikes
  2. direct attacks on the genitals and on the eyes
  3. holding of the head while performing a knee kick (it is allowed in case of punching)
  4. hugging and body drops
  5. use of "multiple tactics" (e.g. constantly holding the opponent's leg while initiating an attack)
  6. attack the opponent on the floor
  7. leaning on the ropes to keep balance while kicking or jumping on the opponent
  8. In 2006. K-1 announced new rules to crack down on defensive techniques that threaten to slow a fight's pace. In order to ensure more strikes per round, holding is from now on prohibited, with refs penalizing fighters for infractions.

however the execution of some moves, which are prohibited in other fightsports are slightly(!) allowed in K-1:

  • hammerfist on one's back of head (e.g. if the attacker is taller and the defending fighter bends down - with no headholding. Or in case of the opponent turns his back - see next point)
  • attacking the opponent who turns his back on the fighter (until the referee interrupts it, the fighter repeatedly escaping from fighting could be disqualified)
  • use of elbow if it is a part of a combined move, which ends in a reverse backpunch with arms open (if it doesn't cause an accidental injury that ends the fight)

Rights of the referee

  • "Yellow Card" : for head-holding and hugging - a red cardcan be given as a result of accumulating yellow cards already given, though it doesn't result in disqualification.
  • "Time" : in case of injuries from accidental strikes on "rules-protected" parts of the body, the referee can decide to insert a break if the fighter could continue after a short time of rest. Also in cases when both fighters are unwilling to fight because of injuries or fatigue)
  • "TKO" : There are several situation when a referee can end the fight in favor of one competitor.
    • if a fighter gets knocked down and can't stand up from the floor after counting 10 or a fighter don't lift up his fists in defending position while standing still after a 10-count.
    • if a fighter can't walk straight in a condition near to pass out.
    • if a fighter doesn't defend himself while being constantly attacked, or is in a condition near to unconsciousness.
    • in case if a fighter gets knocked down at the end of a round the fighter can't go to his corner until he stands the 10-count.
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Qualification

The system of K-1 is changing from time to time as a response to the growing popularity in different parts of the world.

In the beginning of the K-1 series it was a single tournament in Japan with fighters participating by invitation. Until today K-1 has branched out to all parts of the world and has been divided into Grand Prix-s, Leagues and preliminaries. There are six GPs on all continents (except Africa) and all of them has exlusively the right to send fighters (the winners) into the Final Elimination in Japan. Although the hosting countries of GPs has changed several times as popularity varies throughout regions. Preliminaries are organized in countries with minor attendace and consists of 7 tournament matches whereof the winner qualifies to the GPs. Until 2006 the main aim of K-1 was to gain popularity in the United States therefore three of the GPs were in the US, however only in some case did an American qualify for the Finals. These GPs were the "USA GP I." - Mayhem at the Mirage, "USA GP II." - Battle at the Bellagio and "Intercontinental GP" - Hawaii. This situation changed with 2006 and two of the American GPs have been relocated to Auckland, New Zealand, hometown of Ray Sefo under the name of "Oceania GP". The new place for the second GP is undecided yet. Also the Paris GP has lost its qualifying right in favor of the "Europe GP" in Amsterdam.

The Final Elimination is an event where the 16 participants compete for the eight place in the Finals. The line-up of the sixteen member is a sum up of the 6 new GP winners the eight finalists from the Final of previous year plus 2 fighters selected by the K-1 organization (from a total of seven best performed fighters during the year). In 2006 there have been some modifications made concerning the number of automatic qualifiers because of last year's exceptional final line-up in the Final. Peter Aerts was subsituted by Glaube Feitosa who reached the final match therefore he has been included in the 2006 Final Elimination.

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Match-Ups

Usually combattants of the quarter-finals of an 8-men tournament are paired by drawing. In case of the Final in the Tokyo Dome it is widely different. The whole event is combined with a ceremony and a press conference. The process looks like a lottery show in the beginning with all the fighters pulling a ball from a glass bowl. The balls represent numbers 1 to 8, which determines the fighters' order in choosing a position from a giant tournament tree figure by standing in front a drawn bracket (from A to H) on the poster, which represents the fighter's corner-color and the line-number of the match. Next fighter do the same, but he can now choose between challenging the one on the stage or an "empty" section. This procedure goes one until one fighter remains who has no choice just to fill to one slot left next to the one lone fighter. This system gives a freedom of choice and tactics to the fighters with the help of a little luck.

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Tactics

The principal object of K-1 is to win by either knockout or by decision. Fights occur inside a ring, as in boxing, and they are fought for three rounds of three minutes each. Extra rounds (also three minutes long) may be fought, if the judges score the fight a draw. Victories are usually achieved by hurting the opponent with kicks to the legs or the head, or using traditional boxing punches, such as the jab, cross or uppercut.

Classic defensive boxing stance is rather ineffective against leg kicks, and fighters are more or less forced to constantly move and counterattack, which is certainly one of the reasons why K-1 fights are seen by many as more dynamic and exciting than boxing fights.

No major K-1 tragedies have been reported; nonetheless, the risk of sustaining a serious injury still exists.

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History

The history of K-1 can be called the history of Seido-kaikan, which is a school of karate that started K-1.

Kazuyoshi Ishii founded his own karate organization "New Japan Karatedo Federation Seido-kan" (新日本空手道連盟正道館) in 1980 after he resigned from "Ashihara-Kaikan"(極真会館芦原道場) to which he had belonged for a few months since it (and Mr.Ichii) had broken out of the Kyokushin organization Kyokushin-kaikan earlier the same year.

Mr. Ishii began to send his students to other organizations' competitions to show their ability in 1986.

Mr. Ishii held "K-1 GRAND PRIX 93" on 30 April, 1993. It was a dream meeting because of its concept, which was to decide the strongest martial artist in a night. Croatian karate and kickboxing veteran Branko Cikatić won the tournament after he knocked out Changpuek Kiatsongrit, Masaaki Satake and Ernesto Hoost. The very first K-1 would be the first place that Ernesto Hoost and Peter Aerts would fight with Hoost winning the match by decision. No one would have expected that those two men would go on to win a amazing 7 K-1 WGPs between the both of them and become the figureheads of this legendary sport.

There was "K-2 GRAND PRIX 93", which was a tournament in the light heavyweight class. Ernesto Hoost knocked out Changpuek Kiatsongrit in the final.

In 1994 Peter "The Dutch Lumberjack" Aerts became the youngest WGP Champion at the age of 23 by beating Rob Von Esdonk, Patrick Smith and Seidokan top champion Masaaki Satake. The second annual K-1 WGP was significant not only for Aert's feat but also for the participation of the legendary Karate fighter Andy Hug. Before participating in K-1 Andy Hug was winning karate tournaments all over the world and was becoming the number one name in karate around the world. Many saw Hug as an early lock to win this tournamnet but amanzing was TKO in his first round match against Patrick Smith in 19 sec!!! This would be the first of many initial setbacks for Hug in the K-1 world.

1995 marked the beginning of K-1's expansion. Not only did they have the first K-1 event outside of Japan, (the first K-1 Fight Night which took place in Switzerland, homeland to Andy Hug) they had a qualifier event to determine which 8 competitors will go on to compete in the WGP that year. Defending WGP champion Peter Aerts as well as K-1 vets Ernesto Hoost and Masaaki Satake qualified in easy fashion. They were joined by newbies Sam Greco, Stan the Man and a young power puncher from France, Jerome LeBanner. Andy Hug entered in the K-1 qualifier hoping to get past his subpar performance in last years WGP and was set to face young boxer turned kickboxer, Mike Benardo. Again Hug was favored and AGAIN the blue eyed Smaurai was TKO out of the WGP.

In the 95 WGP Japan's favorite son Masaaki Satake was KO by Jerome Le Banner, who then went on to face Mike Bernardo in an amazing slugfest and putting him down in the second round. On the otherside of the tourny Peter Aerts and Ernesto Hoost collided again but this time Aerts got his revenge after going to an extra fourth round decision victory in a solid technical match. In the final Aerts made easy work of the young Le Banner and KO him within 2 min in the first round to become 2 times WGP champion.

In 1996 the qualifier held very few suprises with the usual suspects moving onto the final round including Sam Greco, Mike Bernardo, Ernesto Hoost, Stan the Man, Andy Hug, and defending two times WGP champion Peter Aerts. Along with them was the upcoming Japanese Seidokan superstar MUSASHI who KO his opponent Kit Lytkins in 37 sec in the first. The only surprise was last year's finalist Jerome Le Banner was taken out by a young Croatian named Mirko "the Tiger" Filipovic who would go on to be one of the best MMA stars today.

The 96 WGP is, to many, one of the best K-1 WGPs. The suprises started in the very first match as Mike Bernardo stopped Aert's quest to be the first three time WGP champ with a jaw breaking right hook in the third round. This was redemption for Bernardo as months earlier Aerts got a controversial win over Bernardo via a KO in 40 sec within the first round where the ref stopped the match thinking Bernardo was out cold but seconds later he was up and arguing over the decision. Bernardo then moved on to a decision win over MUSASHI in a vey hard fought battle. Meanwhile Young Mirko's hopes of a K-1 final were dashed by a swift kick from Ernesto Hoost who then went onto face Andy Hug in one of the best K-1 fights up to this point. The fight went into an extra round which saw Hug get the decision victory by a slim margin. After two years of dissapointing losses Hug finally achieved his dream in K-1 by taking out Mike Bernardo's leg with a stiff kick minutes in the second round and being crowned the K-1 WGP champion.

The 1997 qualifier saw a few new faces including Kyokushin Karate champion Francisco Filho who stunned the world when months earlier he KO defending WGP champion Andy Hug within minutes in his debut K-1 fight. In the qualifier he impressed many again by taking out 7 foot fighter Van Der Merwe again by KO. A few old faces made their return as well. Jerome Le Banner got back on track by beat Rick Roufus by TKO in the third. The first WGP champion Branco Cikatic made his K-1 return but unlike Le Banner he was defeated by Mike Bernardo within seconds by an accidental headbutt which made a deep cut in his head causing the doctors to stop the fight.

In the 97 WGP Francisco Filho continued his amazing victories by KO heavy favorite Sam Greco with a right hook 15 sec in the first round. Ernesto Hoost followed in suit by KO Jerome Le Banner with a right hook of his own. Not to be out done the reigning WGP champion Andy Hug took out Masaaki Satake with a 15 sec left high kick. Meanwhile the Aerts/ Bernardo feud continued with another epic encounter. Up to this point Bernardo has won the last three fights with Aerts (one of them by DQ when Aerts accidently kicked Bernardo in the groin). Many felt that Bernardo had the edge as he has been the only one to defeat Aerts (other than Hoost who beat Aerts in his very first K-1 fight) but this time Aerts prevailed with a Ko in the first round. In the semis the victories didnt come so swift. Filho's impressive win streak was stopped by Hoost after three rounds while Hug was able to return to the finals with a decision victory over two time K-1 champion Peter Aerts. In the finals, another amazing K-1 battle between future K-1 legends, saw Ernesto Hoost prevent Hug's bid for a second K-1 title after 3 hard fought rounds to win his first K-1 WGP title.

1998 saw the first United States qualifier which took place in Las Vegas. The winner, Rick Roufus, was given a slot into the 98 WGP opening round. Unfortunately for Roufus he was set up against last year’s sensation Francisco Filho who pecked away at Roufus’ left leg through three rounds before he couldn’t go on anymore. Other K-1 veterans also had easy times making to the WGP final including two time K- 1 champion Peter Aerts, Ray Sefo, Sam Greco, ’96 WGP champion Andy Hug, Masaaki Satake and defending WGP champion Ernesto Hoost. The only notable newcomer to the K-1 ranks was Maurice Smith who was a acclaimed kickboxer that a year earlier became one of the first UFC heavyweight champions. Yet Smith’s K-1 career would not be nearly as successful as his MMA career as he was defeated by Mike Bernardo in a five round slugfest.

The 98 WGP is the shortest WGP to date with only one of the fights going to a decision. Francisco Filho tried to pick up where he left off last year but was stopped by a TKO to Mike Bernardo. Both former WGP champions Hug and Aerts made quick work of their opponents Ray Sefo and Masaaki Satake, respectively with TKO victories. Meanwhile defending WGP champion Ernesto Hoost was on his way to a possible back to back WGP victories but an injury obtained during his slugfest with Sam Greco forced him out of the tourney. In the semi finals Peter Aerts and Mike Bernardo met yet again but like in their previous battle the Dutch Lumberjack would come out on top again with a stunning TKO win in the first round. Meanwhile Andy Hug made his way to the finals for a third time in the row (a feat yet to be repeated) by winning a tough decision over Sam Greco. In the final Aerts became the first three time WGP champion by KO Aerts with a quick kick to the head within one minute in the first round. Amazingly Aerts is the only K-1 WGP champion to win all three final fights with Kos in the FIRST ROUND. Truly the reason why Aerts is called Mr. K-1.

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Popularity and Criticisms

The sport is popular principally in Brazil, Japan, Europe, and also in the United States, although fightsports are banned in many states. Most K-1 contests in the United States take place in Las Vegas or Honolulu. The sports events are frequently shown on Tokyo Broadcasting System in Japan, Pay Per View television or ESPN 2 in the United States and on Eurosport in Europe. K-1 events are broadcast in other countries by national and sports channels.

The competitions have been met with some fan and fighting pundit criticisms over the past few years due to their increased use of lower quality athletes that headline the events for no other reason than size or real-world status such as former Yokozuna Akebono, Ssireum wrestler Choi Hong-man, and comedian Bobby Ologun. Through this avenue, match quality is sacrificed for spectacality.

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Timeline

  • 2005

K-1's popularity rockets in South Korea, as the gargantuan Hong-Man Choi beats three fighters (including defending Asia Champ Kaoklai Kaennorsing) to win the K-1 Asian GP in Seoul. Brazilian Glaube Feitosa emerges best in the Americas, winning the USA Grand Prix in Las Vegas in impressive style; and in Paris, Semmy Schilt of the Netherlands powers his way to victory at the European Grand Prix.

Successful Fighting Network events are held round the globe -- more than 10,000 fans fill the Globen Arena in Stockholm for the Scandinavian Tournament. Meanwhile, in World Max action, Andy Souwer of the Netherlands takes the Crown; while in K-1's mixed martial arts format Hero's Series, Norifumi "Kid" Yamamoto wins the Final in front of 53,025 at Osaka Dome on New Year's Eve.

The year's main event, the World GP Final, attracts a sellout crowd of 58,213 to the Tokyo Dome and is broadcast in more than 90 countries. And for the tenth time in K-1's 13-year history a Dutch fighter is victorious, as Schilt stays perfect -- beating Ray Sefo, Remy Bonjasky and Glaube Feitosa to earn fightsports' most coveted crown.

  • 2004

K-1 makes its first foray into Korea, and the sellout crowd sees Thai fighter Kaoklai Kaennorsing win the first K-1 Asian GP. In World Max action, another Thai fighter, Buakaw Por Pramuk stuns the opposition to take the crown. Mighty Mo is a surprise winner at the Battle at the Bellagio III, and the slugger represents the US at the Tokyo Dome World GP Final. There, Japanese Seidokaikan fighter Musashi makes it to the last bout for the second year running, but Remy Bonjasky is better once again, and repeats as Champion. Dutch fighters have now won nine of the twelve K-1 World GP Championships.

  • 2003

Masato beats Kraus in the World Max Final and is crowned the first Japanese K-1 Champion. The emergence of Battle at the Bellagio winner Carter Williams of the United States and Muay Thai fighter Remy Bonjasky of the Netherlands heralds the arrival K-1's new generation. With a flashy style featuring flying knees and kicks, the 27 year-old Bonjasky outclasses the competition to take the K-1 World Grand Prix Championship at the Tokyo Dome.

  • 2002

Mark Hunt, a hard-punching 27 year-old New Zealander, comes into the Tokyo Dome Final as an underdog, but defeats veterans Jerome LeBanner, Stefan Leko and Francisco Filho on a super Saturday to pull the biggest upset in K-1 history and become the sport's first non-European World Grand Prix Champion.

  • 2001

K-1 introduces its World Max Series, which has a 70kg weight class, and the Dutch fighter Albert Kraus is crowned the first World Max Champion. In the World GP Series, big Bob "The Beast" Sapp of the United States stuns the K-1 world by beating Ernesto Hoost twice. But an injury stops Sapp at the Tokyo Dome Final, and Hoost goes on to win it all and become K-1's first-ever four-time World Grand Prix Champion.


  • 2000

The new millennium and K-1 sees unprecedented expansion and popularity in Europe and the Americas. At the Tokyo Dome Final, yet another sellout crowd watches as Dutch fighter Ernesto Hoost successfully defends his World Grand Prix Championship.


  • 1999

K-1 has its most successful year yet, with sold-out tournaments including the "K-1 All-Stars" nights and "K-1 Spirits" series taking the action to fans throughout Japan. The year is capped at another sold-out Tokyo Dome Grand Prix when Ernesto Hoost, the man they call "Mr. Perfect," wins a thrilling final against Mirko "Crocop" Filipovic to capture the K-1 Championship.

  • 1998

The Swiss event is renamed the K-1 European Grand Prix, with winner Stefan Lefko earning a berth in the December K-1 Grand Prix at Tokyo Dome. Similarly, Rick Roufus grabs a GP spot by winning the new K-1 USA Grand Prix, held in August at the Mirage Hotel in Las Vegas. In the Japan GP, held the same month, it is Satake who advances to the Tokyo Dome Grand Prix Finals, which attract 63, 800 fans and are won by Peter Aerts, K-1's first three-time champion.

  • 1997

K-1 fighters like Hug, Bernardo, and Aerts are now major celebrities in Japan, appearing on television and being mobbed by fans in the street. Hug's Fight Night is broadcast on Swiss national television. In Japan, K-1 holds events in the domed stadiums of the country's three largest cities, Nagoya, Osaka, and Tokyo. More than 45,000 tickets for the Tokyo Dome Grand Prix sell out in less than an hour. This year, Ernesto Hoost defeats Hug by decision to capture the crown. Television ratings for the tournament hit a surprisingly high 20% viewer share. K-1 is now the hottest sport in Japan.

  • 1996

Newcomer Mike Bernardo upsets Aerts in the K-1 Grand Prix, then loses in the final to Hug, who takes a bigger Fight Night production back to Switzerland this year. In August, a K-1 video game is released for the Sony PlayStation platform, while in October the nation-wide Fuji TV Network broadcasts the Yokohama Arena K-1 Star Wars event. This marks the beginning of Fuji's association with K-1.

  • 1995

Aerts successfully defends his title at the 3rd K-1 Grand Prix in May. The following month, Hug's native Switzerland hosts K-1 Fight Night, the rapidly growing sport's first overseas event. More than 12,000 people watch favorite Hug win by knockout over WKA USA Champion Dennis Lane.

  • 1994

Peter Aerts wins the second K-1 Grand Prix, with newcomer Andy Hug losing in his first match. In September, Hug wins a 'revenge' bout at the Yokohama arena, and establishes himself as one of K-1's first superstars.

  • 1993

With karate moving closer to kickboxing in style, Ishii organizes the first K-1 Grand Prix at the Yoyogi Dai-Ichi Stadium in Tokyo. The event is held in a regulation-size boxing ring under the revolutionary K-1 rules, which permit punches to accommodate both karate and kickboxing fighters. A sellout crowd of 10,000 sees Branco Citatic win the first K-1 Championship. Two more K-1 events are held later in the year, and these are won by Satake and Ernesto Hoost.

  • 1992

The first glove karate event in Japan, the "Karate Japan Open," is held, and Satake wins it.

  • 1991

Following a series of successful tournaments, Seido Kaikan comes to Tokyo for a tournament against USA Oyama Karate, in which Satake beats the legendary Willie Williams.

  • 1988

Two of Ishii's students, Toshiyuki Yanagisawa and Masaaki Satake, finish 1st and 2nd in the Karate Real Champion Tournament, earning Ishii's Seido Kaikan respect in the martial arts community.

  • 1985

Seido Kaikan opens an office in the United States with Tom Edwards as its manager.

  • 1983

Seido Kaikan fighters square off against a group of Kung fu experts at the Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Kansai and win the contest. Meanwhile, Ishii becomes the first Chairman of the newly formed "All Japan Budo (Martial Arts) Promotion Association," an organization made up of Kansai-area karate and kenpo groups.

  • 1982

The first All Japan Karate-Do Tournament is held in Osaka, organized by Ishii and Seido Kaikan, the new governing body for Seidokan Karate. The full-contact competition fills the Furitsu Gymnasium and is broadcast on local television.

  • 1980

Kazuyoshi Ishii establishes the Seidokan Karate school in Osaka, with dojos and university-based karate clubs in the Kansai area.


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K-1 Grand Prix

Throughout the year K-1 holds various 8-man grand prix style tournaments to determine the 16 fighters who will compete in the K-1 World GP. K-1 events most commonly take place in Japan, but they have hosted shows in the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, France, South Korea, Australia, Sweden, Russia, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Brazil and the USA (Las Vegas).

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K-1 Champions and Fighters

date - name - kickboxing rank - titles (May 1,2006)

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K-1 World Grand Prix champions to date

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K-1 MAX World GP champions to date

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Other notable K-1 fighters

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Traditional boxing stars at the K-1 tournament

Late in 2003, Bob Sapp challenged Mike Tyson, the former world Heavyweight boxing champion, to a K-1 fight. While Tyson did not accept the offer immediately, he signed with K-1 to be his official Japanese representation on August 23, 2003.[1] A deal to actually fight in K-1 never materialized. In early 2006 another rumour of the re-schedule of this match in August 2006 has been released by the press and had been confirmed by Bob Sapp in an interview. For that reason he also turned down the role for the upcoming movie Bloodsport 2. [2].

Others who have made the transition from traditional boxers to K-1 fighters include:

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Other fighters derived from various sports

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Fighters temporarly contracted to K-1

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External links

fr:K-1 nl:K-1 ja:K-1 pl:K-1 (sztuka walki) sv:K-1 th:เค-วัน zh:K-1

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